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+;;; my-replace-zen-to-ascii.el --- Convert fullwidth/superscript/subscript chars to ASCII -*- lexical-binding: t; -*-
+
+;; This library converts selected fullwidth ASCII-like characters,
+;; Unicode superscript/subscript digits, and common typographic symbols
+;; into plain ASCII characters.
+;;
+;; Main commands:
+;;
+;;   M-x replace-zen-to-ascii-region
+;;   M-x replace-zen-to-ascii-buffer
+;;   M-x replace-zen-to-ascii-region-copy
+;;   M-x replace-zen-to-ascii-buffer-copy
+;;
+;; The original command name `replace-zen-to-ascii-region' is kept
+;; for compatibility with existing init.el settings.
+
+(require 'subr-x)
+
+(defgroup my-replace-zen-to-ascii nil
+  "Convert selected fullwidth and Unicode compatibility characters to ASCII."
+  :group 'editing
+  :prefix "my-replace-zen-to-ascii-")
+
+(defcustom my-replace-zen-to-ascii-convert-scientific-symbols nil
+  "If non-nil, also convert selected scientific symbols to ASCII.
+For example, μ/µ -> u, Å/Å -> A, × -> x, ° -> deg.
+This is disabled by default because these symbols may be meaningful
+in manuscripts."
+  :type 'boolean
+  :group 'my-replace-zen-to-ascii)
+
+(defconst my-replace-zen-to-ascii--basic-table
+  '(("　" . " ")
+
+    ;; Fullwidth digits
+    ("０" . "0") ("１" . "1") ("２" . "2") ("３" . "3") ("４" . "4")
+    ("５" . "5") ("６" . "6") ("７" . "7") ("８" . "8") ("９" . "9")
+
+    ;; Fullwidth uppercase letters
+    ("Ａ" . "A") ("Ｂ" . "B") ("Ｃ" . "C") ("Ｄ" . "D") ("Ｅ" . "E")
+    ("Ｆ" . "F") ("Ｇ" . "G") ("Ｈ" . "H") ("Ｉ" . "I") ("Ｊ" . "J")
+    ("Ｋ" . "K") ("Ｌ" . "L") ("Ｍ" . "M") ("Ｎ" . "N") ("Ｏ" . "O")
+    ("Ｐ" . "P") ("Ｑ" . "Q") ("Ｒ" . "R") ("Ｓ" . "S") ("Ｔ" . "T")
+    ("Ｕ" . "U") ("Ｖ" . "V") ("Ｗ" . "W") ("Ｘ" . "X") ("Ｙ" . "Y")
+    ("Ｚ" . "Z")
+
+    ;; Fullwidth lowercase letters
+    ("ａ" . "a") ("ｂ" . "b") ("ｃ" . "c") ("ｄ" . "d") ("ｅ" . "e")
+    ("ｆ" . "f") ("ｇ" . "g") ("ｈ" . "h") ("ｉ" . "i") ("ｊ" . "j")
+    ("ｋ" . "k") ("ｌ" . "l") ("ｍ" . "m") ("ｎ" . "n") ("ｏ" . "o")
+    ("ｐ" . "p") ("ｑ" . "q") ("ｒ" . "r") ("ｓ" . "s") ("ｔ" . "t")
+    ("ｕ" . "u") ("ｖ" . "v") ("ｗ" . "w") ("ｘ" . "x") ("ｙ" . "y")
+    ("ｚ" . "z")
+
+    ;; Fullwidth ASCII punctuation
+    ("！" . "!") ("＂" . "\"") ("＃" . "#") ("＄" . "$")
+    ("％" . "%") ("＆" . "&") ("＇" . "'") ("（" . "(")
+    ("）" . ")") ("＊" . "*") ("＋" . "+") ("，" . ",")
+    ("－" . "-") ("．" . ".") ("／" . "/") ("：" . ":")
+    ("；" . ";") ("＜" . "<") ("＝" . "=") ("＞" . ">")
+    ("？" . "?") ("＠" . "@") ("［" . "[") ("＼" . "\\")
+    ("］" . "]") ("＾" . "^") ("＿" . "_") ("｀" . "`")
+    ("｛" . "{") ("｜" . "|") ("｝" . "}") ("～" . "~")
+
+    ;; Curly quotes and common dash/minus variants
+    ("“" . "\"") ("”" . "\"")
+    ("„" . "\"") ("‟" . "\"")
+    ("‘" . "'") ("’" . "'")
+    ("‚" . "'") ("‛" . "'")
+    ("−" . "-") ("–" . "-") ("—" . "-") ("―" . "-")
+
+    ;; Superscript digits
+    ("⁰" . "0") ("¹" . "1") ("²" . "2") ("³" . "3") ("⁴" . "4")
+    ("⁵" . "5") ("⁶" . "6") ("⁷" . "7") ("⁸" . "8") ("⁹" . "9")
+
+    ;; Subscript digits
+    ("₀" . "0") ("₁" . "1") ("₂" . "2") ("₃" . "3") ("₄" . "4")
+    ("₅" . "5") ("₆" . "6") ("₇" . "7") ("₈" . "8") ("₉" . "9")
+
+    ;; Superscript signs and parentheses
+    ("⁺" . "+") ("⁻" . "-") ("⁼" . "=")
+    ("⁽" . "(") ("⁾" . ")")
+
+    ;; Subscript signs and parentheses
+    ("₊" . "+") ("₋" . "-") ("₌" . "=")
+    ("₍" . "(") ("₎" . ")"))
+  "Basic conversion table.")
+
+(defconst my-replace-zen-to-ascii--scientific-table
+  '(("μ" . "u")
+    ("µ" . "u")
+    ("Å" . "A")
+    ("Å" . "A")
+    ("×" . "x")
+    ("°" . " deg"))
+  "Optional scientific-symbol conversion table.")
+
+(defun my-replace-zen-to-ascii--table ()
+  "Return active conversion table."
+  (if my-replace-zen-to-ascii-convert-scientific-symbols
+      (append my-replace-zen-to-ascii--basic-table
+              my-replace-zen-to-ascii--scientific-table)
+    my-replace-zen-to-ascii--basic-table))
+
+(defun my-replace-zen-to-ascii--regexp ()
+  "Return regexp for active conversion table."
+  (regexp-opt (mapcar #'car (my-replace-zen-to-ascii--table))))
+
+(defun my-replace-zen-to-ascii--replace-region (start end)
+  "Convert selected characters in region START END."
+  (let* ((table (my-replace-zen-to-ascii--table))
+         (regexp (regexp-opt (mapcar #'car table))))
+    (save-excursion
+      (goto-char start)
+      (while (re-search-forward regexp end t)
+        (let* ((from (match-string 0))
+               (to (cdr (assoc from table))))
+          (when to
+            (replace-match to t t)))))))
+
+;;;###autoload
+(defun replace-zen-to-ascii-region (start end)
+  "Convert fullwidth ASCII-like and super/subscript characters in region to ASCII."
+  (interactive "r")
+  (my-replace-zen-to-ascii--replace-region start end)
+  (message "Converted selected characters to ASCII."))
+
+;;;###autoload
+(defun replace-zen-to-ascii-buffer ()
+  "Convert fullwidth ASCII-like and super/subscript characters in the whole buffer."
+  (interactive)
+  (replace-zen-to-ascii-region (point-min) (point-max)))
+
+;;;###autoload
+(defun replace-zen-to-ascii-region-copy (start end)
+  "Copy converted region to kill-ring without modifying current buffer."
+  (interactive "r")
+  (let ((text (buffer-substring-no-properties start end))
+        (buf (generate-new-buffer " *replace-zen-to-ascii-copy*")))
+    (unwind-protect
+        (with-current-buffer buf
+          (insert text)
+          (replace-zen-to-ascii-region (point-min) (point-max))
+          (kill-new (buffer-string)))
+      (kill-buffer buf))
+    (message "Converted text copied to kill-ring.")))
+
+;;;###autoload
+(defun replace-zen-to-ascii-buffer-copy ()
+  "Copy converted whole buffer to kill-ring without modifying current buffer."
+  (interactive)
+  (replace-zen-to-ascii-region-copy (point-min) (point-max)))
+
+;;;###autoload
+(defun replace-zen-to-ascii-toggle-scientific-symbols ()
+  "Toggle optional scientific-symbol conversion."
+  (interactive)
+  (setq my-replace-zen-to-ascii-convert-scientific-symbols
+        (not my-replace-zen-to-ascii-convert-scientific-symbols))
+  (message "Scientific-symbol conversion: %s"
+           (if my-replace-zen-to-ascii-convert-scientific-symbols
+               "ON"
+             "OFF")))
+
+(provide 'my-replace-zen-to-ascii)
+;;; my-replace-zen-to-ascii.el ends here